Preventive Effect of Meloxicam against Colon Cancer Induced by 1, 2 Dimethyl Hydrazine in Rats

التأثير الوقائي لمادة الميلوكسيكام ضد سرطان القولون المستحث بواسطة 1، 2 ثنائي ميثيل هيدرازين في الفئران

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common types of cancer in the world. CRC is common cancer in both males and females representing 4.5% and 3.6% of the total cancers. Hydrazines were manufactured from chemicals such as ammonia, dimethyl amine, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hypochlorite .A small amount of hydrazine occurs naturally in some plants. 1, 2 Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) has been used as a research chemical to produce colon cancer in lab animals. A therapeutic area in which NSAIDs use became important was in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Meloxicam was shown to prevent the initiation of chemical-induced tumors, and considered as anticancer agent by virtue of its anti-proliferative effect. Aims: The present study was designed to investigate the protective role of meloxicam which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug against colon cancer development. Methods: Sixty male albino mice were divided into five groups of 12 mice as follows: Group A: The animals were served as control; received S.C. injections of saline solution. Group B: The animals received S.C. injections of 20 mg 1, 2 DMH/Kg b.w. Group C: The animals received 1, 2 DMH as in group B with ad libitum access to water and high fat diet. Group D: The animals were fed high fat diet and water ad libitum. Group E:  The animals received S.C. injections of 1,2 DMH as in group B and oral 15mg/Kg /day meloxicam/0.1 ml saline via gastric tube 1 hour before DMH administration, fed high fat diet and water ad libitum. Results: there was elongation of the crypts with epithelial proliferation. Architectural disturbance, mitotic figures (MF), and inflammatory cells are observed in Colon sections of group C of animals received DMH – high fat diet. Colon sections of rats injected with DMH – Meloxicam -High fat diet in group E showed the majority of colonic glands with regular size and shape. Conclusion: The growth of aberrant crypt foci in colon was delayed or uncompleted after meloxicam use and this was shown to be a good evidence of its effectiveness in colon cancer protection.