University of Sinnar Journal for Applied Sciences

The Role of Islamic Financial Engineering Products in Achieving Islamic Banking Efficiency: A Field Study on Sudanese Banks

dr\Abdul-Salam Awad Khair Al-Sayyid Adam — Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The problem of the study represented the knowledge of Islamic financial engineering products’ impact on achieving banking efficiency. The study aimed to recognize the concept of financial engineering as one of the recent trends in financial and accounting thought and to recognize the concept of Islamic banking efficiency and its importance for banks that work under Islamic economics. The study found that using Islamic financial engineering products that represented in Islamic instruments leads to providing investment opportunities with diverted risks and benefits, and using Islamic financial engineering products’ that represented in Islamic instruments increases profit rates under the mechanism of participation. The study recommended increases the awareness of employees and investors in Sudanese banks of Islamic financial engineering and its importance to achieve Islamic banking efficiency through scientific seminars, workshops and training courses.

The Impact of the Agricultural Sector on GDP in Sudan During the Period (2001-2021

Nasser Ahmed Mohammed Omar — Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The Impact of the Agricultural Sector on GDP in Sudan

The aim of this research is to examine the impact of the agricultural sector on GDP in Sudan. The research problem lies in the fact that, despite Sudan’s abundant natural resources, the contribution of the agricultural sector to GDP remains weak. One of the key hypotheses is that there is a statistically significant relationship between the agricultural sector and GDP in Sudan.

The researcher employs modern methods to estimate the model using the EViews software to obtain results that clarify the extent of the agricultural sector’s impact on GDP. The analysis relies on secondary data sources.

One of the most significant findings is that the coefficient of determination (R²) is 2.11, indicating that the independent variable (agricultural sector X) is responsible for 11% of the variations in the dependent variable (GDP). This percentage confirms the dominance of the agricultural sector over other sectors, a characteristic of developing countries. Any fluctuations in this sector directly affect GDP and consequently the standard of living. The remaining 16% of variations are attributed to factors not included in the model, such as the industrial and service sectors.

Key recommendations emphasize the need to prioritize the agricultural sector, as a significant proportion of Sudan’s population depends on it for their livelihood.

Morphological Variation in Balanites Egyptiac Seed of Seven Provenances from Sudan

دكتور محمد إدريس الحسن, Ahmed mohamed Eldoma, دكتور عبد الباسط المقبول — Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to investigate the morphological variation of seven Balanites aegyptiaca seed sources from different parts of Sudan. Healthy mature uncrushed fruits of Balanites aegyptiaca were collected during the period 2012- 2013 season. The seeds sources included. Elfasher, Elgenaina, Eldinder, Eddmazain, Elgadaref, Kadogly and Kuboshia, Table (1). Seeds characteristics investigated included seeds length, weight, diameter, shape and size.Two hundred seed, five samples, fifty each were randomly chosen from each provenance. Measurements were taken from 50 seeds for each variable per provenance making a lot of 250 seeds/provenance. Results show highly significant differences between provenances in all morphometric characteristics investigated as shown in Table (2). Analysis of variance showed two distinct group of provenances. The first group consisted of Elgadaref, Eldinder, Kadogly and Eddamazain while the second group pieced together in Elfasher, Elgenaina, and Kuboshia. The first group represent provenance from areas of higher rainfall and clay soils whereas the second group represent mostly sandy soil with low rainfall. Generally the first group ranked top approximately in all measured characteristics investigated, while second group ranked significantly lower compared to the first group. The study concluded that there were tangible effects of geographical location in terms of morphometric characteristics differences that can effectively use in breeding and improvement programs of Balanites aegyptiaca.

Preventive Effect of Meloxicam against Colon Cancer Induced by 1, 2 Dimethyl Hydrazine in Rats

دكتور عبد الرحمن أحمد محمد إسماعيل — Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common types of cancer in the world. CRC is common cancer in both males and females representing 4.5% and 3.6% of the total cancers. Hydrazines were manufactured from chemicals such as ammonia, dimethyl amine, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hypochlorite .A small amount of hydrazine occurs naturally in some plants. 1, 2 Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) has been used as a research chemical to produce colon cancer in lab animals. A therapeutic area in which NSAIDs use became important was in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Meloxicam was shown to prevent the initiation of chemical-induced tumors, and considered as anticancer agent by virtue of its anti-proliferative effect. Aims: The present study was designed to investigate the protective role of meloxicam which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug against colon cancer development. Methods: Sixty male albino mice were divided into five groups of 12 mice as follows: Group A: The animals were served as control; received S.C. injections of saline solution. Group B: The animals received S.C. injections of 20 mg 1, 2 DMH/Kg b.w. Group C: The animals received 1, 2 DMH as in group B with ad libitum access to water and high fat diet. Group D: The animals were fed high fat diet and water ad libitum. Group E: The animals received S.C. injections of 1,2 DMH as in group B and oral 15mg/Kg /day meloxicam/0.1 ml saline via gastric tube 1 hour before DMH administration, fed high fat diet and water ad libitum. Results: there was elongation of the crypts with epithelial proliferation. Architectural disturbance, mitotic figures (MF), and inflammatory cells are observed in Colon sections of group C of animals received DMH – high fat diet. Colon sections of rats injected with DMH – Meloxicam -High fat diet in group E showed the majority of colonic glands with regular size and shape. Conclusion: The growth of aberrant crypt foci in colon was delayed or uncompleted after meloxicam use and this was shown to be a good evidence of its effectiveness in colon cancer protection.

Effect of Treated Banana Waste on Feedlot Performance, Non Carcass Components and External Body Measurements of Sudanese Desert lambs

دكتور لمياء عبد العاطف, دكتور محجوب يعقوب محجوب — Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The present study was conducted to detect the effect of different levels of treated banana waste on feedlot performance, non-carcass components, and external body measurements of Sudanese desert lambs. Banana waste was enriched by molasse and urea and calcium carbonate and ensiled and for a month. And then was chemically analyzed. According to this analysis three iso-caloric and iso- nitrogenous experimental diets were prepared. These diets contained different levels of treated banana waste (0%, 5% and 10%) respectively.

Twenty seven Sudanese desert lambs (Hammari ecotype) were randomly divided into three experimental groups with an average initial weight of 21.06 kg were used in feeding trials for 45 days. Following an adaptation period of two weeks. Each lamb group was offered one of the experimental diets for a feeding period of

45 days, during which feedlot performance was monitored. External body measurements were taken at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Finally three experimental lambs from each group were slaughtered and non-carcass components were registered.

Results obtained showed that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in feedlot performance, non-carcass components and external body measurements of Sudanese desert lambs fed different levels of treated banana waste.

Key words: Treated banana waste, Feedlot Performance, Body, measurements, Sudanese Desert lambs.

Effect of Treated Bagasse on Feedlot Performance, Non Carcass Components and External Body Measurements of Sudanese Desert lambs

Lubna Hago Ibrahim, Yagoub Magboul Yagoub — Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The present study was conducted to detect the effect of different level of treated bagasse on feedlot performance, non-carcass components and external body measurements of Sudanese desert lambs. Bagasse was treated by mixture consist of urea, molasse and calcium carbonate (Atron) and ensiled for a month. Then was chemically analyzed. According to this analysis three iso-caloric and iso- nitrogenous experimental diets were prepared. These diets contained different levels of treated bagasse (0%, 15% and 30%) respectively.

Twenty seven Sudanese desert lambs (Hammari ecotype) were randomly divided into three experimental groups with an average initial weight of 21.3 kg were used in feeding trials for 45 days. Following an adaptation period of two weeks. Each lamb group was offered one of the experimental diets for a feeding period of 45 days, during which feedlot performance was monitored.

External body measurements were taken at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Finally three experimental lambs from each group were slaughtered and non-carcass components were registered.

Results revealed that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in feedlot performance, non-carcass components and external body measurements of Sudanese desert lambs fed different levels of treated bagasse.

Variation in Seed Kernel and Pulp Chemical Contents of Balanites aegyptiaca from seven Provinces in Sudan

Mohmed Idriss Elhassan, Ahmed mohamed, دكتور عبد الباسط المقبول — Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study was to investigate the variation of some randomly selected fruits and seeds chemical contents, in seven intra- specific sources of Balanites aegyptiaca. The fruits were collected during the (2012-2013) season. Samples of fifty fruits were chosen for each provenance. The Pulp and kernel were extracted using a sharp knife and a mortar respectively. Standard chemical analysis were performed on both pulp and kernel to identify and determine the available chemical contents in them. The main chemical contents analyzed were Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, P, and K, in addition to moisture, protein, ash, oil, fiber acid, and saponin contends. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between

provenances in pulp contents of all six minerals analyzed. In addition they also showed significant differences between them in kernel chemical contents of protein, fat and fiber acid contents. Whereas no significant differences existed between them in moisture contents, ash and saponin. These results matched the natural variability of different edaphic factors, ecological zones, soil types and climatic variables affecting plant distribution, nutrition and growth in these district geographic locations that represent these seed sources across Sudan. Results showed that the seeds collected from Kadogly Provence is rich in Ca content while those produced Kuboshia is almost 50% lower, and likewise the Mg content in Eldinder provenance is 75% higher in Kuboshia provenance. Results so far obtained suggest the presence of genetic variability in addition to a strong provenances environment interaction giving great opportunities for selection of the provenances for successful domestication and conservation of the species and better increase the production of fruits for various uses including food, medicinal industrial and environmental uses.

Assessment of the Impact of Temperature and Rainfall on Sorghum Yield Under Semi-Mechanized Rain-fed Subsector in Gedarif State, Sudan

Amal Ahmed Osman, Abdelhamed mohamed, Mohamed, Selwa Ahmed — Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to monitor climatic factors trends such as annual rainfall, minimum and maximum monthly temperatures during 1971-2015, and to assess the impacts of these factors on sorghum yield under semi-mechanized rainfed subsector in the Gedarif state. Data from secondary sources was used in this study. Climate data included annual rainfall, average of monthly maximum and minimum temperatures obtained from Sudan Meteorological Authority (SMA). Production data included time series data of sorghum yield was obtained from Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, statistics division, Khartoum Sudan, and Gedarif State Ministry of Agriculture, Information Centre, Gedarif, Sudan. Correlation, trend analysis and multiple regression were the main analytical tools used in this study. Correlation coefficients results showed negative and highly significant (P<0.01) relationship between sorghum yield and temperatures (maximum and minimum), as well as positive but insignificant relationship between sorghum yield and annual rainfall. These facts explain that, Gedarif state is affected by climate change. Results of multi regression coincides with correlation results for annual rainfall, this implies that, other factors beside the climate affect semi-mechanized rainfed sorghum production such as lack of herbicide and fertilizer applications, and lack of a proper crop rotation. The study concluded that variation in annual rainfall and increased maximum temperatures as a result of climate change during the last five decades has negatively affected sorghum yield in the semi-mechanized rainfed subsector of the Gedarif state. To mitigate the effects of climate change, the study recommended to introduced short maturing cultivars of sorghum, besides the use of Zero tillage (ZT), which is based on the concept of direct seeding without plowing or harrowing and using of chemicals for weed control. Thus, the production costs would be decreased, beside increase sorghum yield.

Investigating the Main Causes and Impacts of Desertification in Northwest Gezera state – Sudan

Nassrelddin Mohammed Zien Ahmed — Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Desertification is considered as a major environmental problem affecting arid, semi- arid and dry sub humid areas of the world and causing substantial reduction in agricultural production and income of many farmers. The study was conducted to evaluate the socio-economic impact of desertification on rural livelihood in Abu gota, North West of Gezira State. A total of two hundred (200) respondents (farmers) were interviewed using purposive and random sampling techniques. The results of socio- economic characteristics of the respondents (farmers) are presented in Table 1. On the causes of desertification, the respondents (60%) indicated that the main causes of desertification were human activities, 25% due to changes in the climate, while 15% of the respondents are ignorant of causes., 50% of the respondents indicated that there was reductions in the amount of rainfall received each year, 35% pointed out that there was increase in temperature, and 15% maintained that they noticed drying of water. There was a diverse response concerning the impact of desertification on farmer’s agricultural activities. 45% of the respondents pointed out that they recorded poor harvest as result of desertification in the previous years, 30% maintained that they notice an increase in wind erosion, 15% showed that the situation was tending towards a decrease in the availability of pasture for livestock, while 10% revealed that there was a drastic reduction in soil fertility as observed on their farmlands. The results of this study shows that majority of the farmers in the study area are aware about the causes, effects and impact of desertification as it’s seriously affects their agricultural productions in negative ways. At the same time, 55% of the respondents indicated that forestation is one of the best strategies for combating desertification, 35% believed that the practice of proper irrigation will be a good strategy, while 10% maintained that establishment and maintenance of shelter belts will reduce the impact of desertification in the study area. An important issue is how to support the rural poor to use the soils, the biota and other natural resources without destroying those resources, and without affecting the climate adversely.