University of Sinnar Journal for Applied Sciences

Response of Egg-type Chicks to Dietary Inclusion of Heat -Treated Guar

Elamin Khidir Elfadil — 2026-06-30

The study was carried out to investigate the response of Egg-type Pullets to Dietary Inclusion of Heat-Treated Guar Seeds (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) as Protein Source Fortified with Enzyme. the guar seeds were heat processed (boiling) in water for 20 minutes and then dried using solar radiation after water drainage, ground and subjected to chemical analyses. A (2 × 4) factorial arrangement was used in a completely randomized design (CRD) to study the effect of four different levels of Heat-Treated Guar (0, 5, 10, and 15 %) and two levels of enzyme supplementation (0 and 500 mg/kg) on pullets’ performance. The control diet contained 0% of Heat-Treated guar and 0% Enzyme. A total of 240 one day-old (Hy-Line W-98) chicks were allotted to 8 treatments and each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds each. Results showed that guar phytate and tannin content were reduced by boiling processing. During the entire growing period, WG and FCR were deteriorated as the dietary level of guar increased (p≤0.01). The WG and FCR were improved when diets were supplemented with Natuzyme (p≤0.05). Feed consumption was not affected by experimental treatments. At the end of developer period, protein, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus were not influenced by Natuzyme. However, cholesterol and calcium were affected by incorporation of guar. Hematological parameters at 18 week of age were not affected by experimental treatments The only exception was the white blood cells account (WBC) which affected by dietary guar. Ages at onset of egg were postponed as the level of guar increased. Birds fed on diets supplemented with multienzyme had earlier age of onset of egg production.

IoT-Based Smart Environmental Management System for Enhanced Broiler Production

Hussein Ali Hussein — 2026-06-30

The vital food production industry of broiler farming continues to confront three main difficulties involving inefficient resource utilization and disease spread together with unfavorable growth conditions, poultry production using Internet of Things integrates technology to generate substantial yield enhancements by optimizing environmental standards and controlling feed distribution and water delivery coupled with medical surveillance systems. The paper proposes an IoT-based environmental control system that employs economical universal components for broiler houses. The implemented system utilizes a DHT22 sensor to run continuous temperature and humidity monitoring, which ensures correct broiler climate conditions for proper development, as well as the system operates water supply functions through a servo motor and controls lighting with NeoPixel LEDs to adjust bird circadian rhythms toward improved well-being. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller as its main processing component, providing quick data transfer capabilities and remote interface features. The software platform utilizes Wokwi for IoT simulation while Node-RED serves to build an interactive dashboard that farmers can use to monitor and modify system parameters. The system’s experimental data shows its capability to preserve suitable environmental parameters while cutting down maintenance needs and boosting broiler developmental rates. The paper established through this investigation that IoT-based smart farming solutions show promise for enhanced productivity together with reduced operative expenses and improved sustainable poultry industry methods.

Phytochemical analysis and biological activity of Damsisa (Artemisia absinthium) extracts against Staphylococcus aureus

Ashwag Ahmed Abdelrahman Mohamed — 2026-06-30

As a traditional medicine, Artemisia absinthium (damsisa) has been used by humans treatment for a long time worldwide. Most of the Sudanese people in rural areas rely on traditional medicine for the treatment of many infectious diseases. In Sudan many studies were carried out testing the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants. The present study aimed to analyze of the Damsis's chemical compounds and investigate the antimicrobial activity using aqueous and solvent extracts. The plant parts that used were leaves and stem against important pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) using different solvent and aqueous extracts with different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 %). Qualitative analysis showed the secondary metabolite, and the disc method (inhibition zone), was used to study the antibacterial activity. The phytochemical analysis showed that the Damsisa leaf and stem extracts were containing flavonoids, saponoids and steroids. However, the leave extract of Damsisa was also contain alkaloids. Higher inhibition zone was recorded in methanolic and ethanolic extracts compared to the other solvents (petroleum ether and hexane). However, the methanoic leaf extract of the Damsisa gave (18mm) diameter of inhibition zone against Staphylococcus sp. These results indicated that the Damsisa can be used as antibacterial agents. The study recommended further studies andanalysis of the active components of the plant extracts.

Empowering Higher Education in Sudan Through Cloud Computing: Benefits, Challenges, and Opportunities Review paper

Ahmed Mohamed Alaagib Altegani — 2026-06-30

The Higher Education (HE) infrastructure in Sudan has suffered considerably from ongoing armed conflict, creating a dire need for systems that ensure academic continuity. This paper presents a systematic review of Cloud Computing (CC) potential in modernizing Sudanese universities to mitigate the impacts of physical destruction and mass displacement. Utilizing the TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) Framework, this study synthesizes research from 2014 onwards to evaluate the benefits, challenges, and strategic opportunities of cloud adoption in resource-constrained environments. Findings confirm that cloud migration offers transformative advantages, including shifting IT costs to operational expenditures and enhancing resilience through disaster recovery. However, unstable connectivity, power outages, and data sovereignty concerns remain critical barriers. The paper proposes pragmatic pathways, including Hybrid and Community Cloud models, to secure the future of Sudanese higher education.

Estimation of Parameters of Growth Curve and Their Heritabilities and Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations in Watish Lambs in Sinnar State, Sudan

Rashid bdallah Ahmed — 2026-06-30

This study was carried out in Singa and Um-Benein localities. The first objective of this study was estimating the parameter of growth curve using Brody’s non-linear functions. And the second objective was estimating the effect of sex and type of birth on the growth curve parameters of Watish lambs. And the third objective was the estimation of heritability of growth curve parameters as well as estimation of genetic and phenotypic correlations among these parameters. A total number of 113 heads (N = 52 male and 61 females) of Watish lambs born to 65 ewes. This study was carried out during the breeding years 2021 and 2022 for this study. Each lamb consisted of lamb identification number (ID), dam ID, sire ID, approximate date of birth, sex of lamb, type of birth (single or twin), monthly body weight from day 1 and every 30 days up to 360 days of age. Non-linear (NLIN) procedure of SAS, was used to fit brody’s functions and to estimate the growth curve parameters. The A, B, K growth curve parameters which were asymptotic mature weight, proportion of weight gained after birth and weight gain per live weight per day respectively. These parameters were analyzed using model2 cross-classified non-interacting random sire effect and two other fixed effects, namely sex and type of birth and a random residual effect. The overall mean values of growth curve parameters A, B and K were 31.55kg, 0.88 and 0.51×10^-2, respectively. Effect of sex on parameter curve of watish lambs had a highly significant effect on K parameter (P≤0.01). Heritability for A, B and K parameters was 0.61, 0.00 and 0.12, respectively. These heritabilities were high for A and low for K and non-estimable for B. Estimates of genetic correlation between growth curve parameters A×K and B×K were -0.29 and -0.68, respectively. They considered low for the former parameter and high for the latter. The phenotypic correlations between growth curve parameters A×B and A×K were 0.80 and -0.53, respectively. These correlations were both considered high with one negative value.

Effect of Milk Type and Storage Period on Physiochemical Characteristics of Yoghurt

Sana Eltahir Osman Khir — 2026-06-30

Milk and milk-products are important source of nutrients supply for mankind since immemorial time. In Sudan both cow’s and camel’s milk and their products are highly important in food security and nourishing people. This study was conducted at the department of animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sinnar as factorial experiments in completely randomized design (CRD) to investigate the effect of milk type (cows, camels milk and their mixtures) used for manufacturing yoghurt and the influence of storage time on physiochemical characteristics of yoghurt. Raw cows and camels milk were analyzed for nutrient contents and five types of yoghurt (Pure cow's milk yoghurt (A), pure Camel's milk yoghurt (B), yoghurt made of mixtures with a proportions of 1:1 (C), 1:2 (D) and 2:1 (E) Cow's to Camel's milk respectively) were made. Processing steps included milk heat treatment, incubation, cooling, and storage. All experimental yoghurt samples were analyzed at day one, seven and fifteen days. The Physiochemical properties of investigated yoghurt samples were significantly (P<0.05) lower in sample B during storage periods for titratable acidity with no differences between other samples. While the values were significantly (P<0.05) higher for total solids, fat content, solids not fat and protein for sample A in all storage periods compared to other tested samples. The study recommended that, milk mixtures with proportions of 1:1, 1:2 cow’s to camel’s milk respectively, could be used in commercial yoghurt production with reasonable nutritive value and consumer acceptance of the product.

Susceptibility of some Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Varieties to Red Spider Mite (Tetranychus SPP.) and their host plants

Louai Abdalla Mohammed Abdalla — 2026-06-30

Red Spider mite, (Tetranychus spp.) is an economically important pest which causes considerable damage and threaten agricultural crops and horticultural crops. The study was carried out at wad madani at the University of Gezira experimental farm. The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of some tomato varieties (Amani, Peto 86, Castlerock and Salama) to red spider mite, also to investigate red spider mite infestation on the main vegetables crops, fields crops, trees and weeds .This method was used to determine the infestation The number of spider mite was statistically analyzed and the results showed that the highest number of spider mite infestation was recorded in Amani variety (6.20) and the lowest in Salama variety (4.05). The highest spider mite (Tetranychus spp.) population densities in third week (58 days) and the number of spider mites decreased steadily at the end of the season. From these results, spider mite was recorded on 11 host plants viz Eggplant, Milk weed, Gubbien, Okra, Sider, Dahasser, Higlig, Sunflower, Dura, Soy bean, Cotton. The results also showed that eggplant was highly infested (145 mites) by spider mites compared to Higlig (100 mites) The result also showed the Okra was lowest infested (9 mites) by spider mite The highly yield was recorded on Amani variety (6.295) ton/ha, but, the lowest yield was recorded in Salama variety (0.0734) ton/ha As general the Salama variety showed the lowest infested by the red spider mites (6.20), as well as, the lowest number of severity percentage was recorded on Amani (8.4).Whereas, Amani variety showed the standard number of red spider mites (4.05), as well as, the number of severity percentage. Amani variety showed tolerance so recommended in IPM option besides removing Gubbein from Tomato grown areas.